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Dampness in buildings is caused from various sources like
groundwater, rainwater, and leakages from pipes. Each of these factors cause
infiltration, which can lead to structural damage and health hazards if left
unaddressed. Understanding the causes of dampness is much important.
Dampness Due to Groundwater
Buildings constructed on soil are susceptible to dampness caused by groundwater. The soil retains moisture, which can rise through the foundation, floors, and walls via capillary action.
Causes
Water Table Fluctuations: Changes in the water table level
can lead to groundwater rising and coming into contact with the building
foundation.
Capillary Action: Moisture from the ground is drawn
upwards through the foundation, leading to dampness in floors and walls.
Prevention and Remediation
Proper Drainage: Implementing adequate drainage systems
around the building foundation can help redirect groundwater away from the
structure.
Waterproofing: Applying waterproofing materials to the
foundation and walls can prevent moisture penetration through capillary action.
Dampness Due to Rainwater
Rainwater infiltration is a common cause of dampness in buildings, particularly in areas with inadequate protection or poor construction practices.
Causes
Lack of Protective Measures: Absence of impervious courses
or protective coatings on walls and roofs allows rainwater to seep into the
building components.
Poor Plaster Coat: Improperly applied plaster coatings on
external walls can fail to provide sufficient protection against rainwater
infiltration.
Faulty Roof Design: Flat roofs with improper slopes can
result in water ponding, leading to moisture penetration through the roof slab.
Prevention and Remediation
- Installation of Protective Measures: Installing impervious
courses, waterproof membranes, and proper roof slopes can help prevent
rainwater ingress.
- Regular Maintenance: Conducting regular inspections and
maintenance of roof and wall surfaces can identify and address any defects or
vulnerabilities.
Dampness Due to Leakages from Pipes
Leakages from plumbing pipes can introduce moisture into building components, causing dampness and potential structural damage.
Causes
Poor Pipe Installation: Improper installation or joint
sealing of plumbing pipes can result in water leakage.
Drainage System Issues: Faulty down take pipes or drainage
systems can cause water stagnation near the building, leading to moisture
ingress.
Pipe Joints: Leaks often occur at pipe joints due to wear
and tear or insufficient sealing.
Prevention and Remediation
Regular Inspection: Periodic inspection of plumbing
systems can help identify and address any leaks or pipe damage promptly.
Proper Installation: Ensuring proper installation
techniques and high-quality materials are used during pipe installation can
prevent future leaks.
Sealing and Repair: Promptly sealing any pipe leaks and
repairing damaged pipes can prevent moisture infiltration into building
components.
Dampness in buildings is a significant risks to structural integrity and aesthetic looks. By understanding the causes of dampness, building owners and occupants can maintain a safe and healthy indoor environment. Regular maintenance, proper drainage systems, and regular inspection of plumbing are important steps in reducing dampness.
