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Quantity Surveying (QS) and Estimating are important
components in the construction industry for projects to be planned executed
efficiently, and cost-effective. In this article, we’ll discuss different
aspects of QS and estimating, covering methodologies, types of estimates, and
general specifications.
Quantity Surveying and Estimating
Quantity Surveying, often abbreviated as QS, is an integral
discipline within the construction realm, focusing on the meticulous
measurement and management of various elements essential for project execution.
Estimating, on the other hand, is the process of accurately calculating the
costs associated with construction projects, encompassing materials, labor, and
other expenses.
Process of Cost Estimating
Cost estimating involves a systematic approach to
determining the financial implications of a construction project. This process
encompasses the meticulous assessment of material costs, labor expenses,
equipment requirements, and overheads. By meticulously evaluating these
factors, QS professionals can provide clients with accurate projections of
project costs.
Tendering:
Tendering is a critical phase in the construction process,
where contractors submit priced offers to undertake the construction work
outlined in tender documents. These offers are legally binding and adhere to
the conditions stipulated in the tender documentation, forming the basis for
contractual agreements between parties involved.
Necessary Data for Estimating
Preparing an estimate necessitates access to comprehensive
data, including drawings, specifications, and prevailing rates in the
construction market. These inputs serve as the foundation for accurate cost
projections and informed decision-making throughout the project lifecycle.
Types of Estimates
Estimates are classified into various categories based on
the scope and nature of the construction project. These include:
A. Original Estimate
- Rough Cost
Estimate
- Detailed Estimate
B. Repair Estimate
- Annual Repair
Estimate
- Quadrennial
Repair Estimate
- Special Repair
Estimate
Other Types of Estimate
- Revised Estimate
- Supplementary
Estimate
- Revised and
Supplementary Estimate
Types of Original Estimates
a. Rough Cost Estimate
- Per Unit Number
- Plinth Area Basis
- Cube Rate
Estimate
- Per Unit Length
of Wall
- Per Unit Length
of Road & Highway
- Per Unit Length
of Irrigation Channel
- Per Unit Track
Length of Railway Line
- Per Litre for
Overhead Water Tanks
b. Detailed Estimate
- Detailed
estimates meticulously quantify every aspect of the construction project,
including excavation, brick masonry, RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete),
plastering, steel reinforcement, flooring, and other elements. Each quantity is
multiplied by the corresponding unit rate to derive accurate cost projections.
Types of Works
Construction projects entail a diverse range of works,
categorized into structural, architectural, and finishing works. These include:
- Structural Works
- Foundation,
columns, beams, slabs, etc.
- Architectural Works
- Walls,
partitions, doors, windows, etc.
- Finishing Works
- Internal Finishes
(flooring, wall finishes, ceiling, etc.)
- External Finishes
(plastering, painting, cladding, etc.)
- Roof Finishes
(roofing materials, insulation, waterproofing, etc.)
Quantity Surveying and Estimating plays central roles in the
execution of construction projects. By applying specified methods, Quantity
Surveyors makes sure the projects are completed with precision and efficiency to
meet the expectations of clients and stakeholders.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is the primary purpose of quantity surveying and
estimating in the construction industry?
Quantity surveying and estimating serve the fundamental
purpose of meticulously measuring and managing various elements essential for
project execution, as well as accurately calculating the costs associated with
construction projects. These processes are indispensable for ensuring projects
are meticulously planned, efficiently executed, and cost-effective.
What is tendering, and why is it a crucial phase in the
construction process?
Tendering is the process of making a priced offer to
construct a building or undertake other construction work. This offer is
legally enforceable and made within the conditions stipulated in the tender
documentation. Tendering is crucial as it forms the basis for contractual
agreements between parties involved in the construction project, setting the
framework for project execution and financial arrangements.
What are the essential data required for preparing an
estimate of a construction project?
The necessary data for preparing an estimate of a
construction project includes drawings, specifications, and prevailing rates in
the construction market. These inputs serve as the foundation for accurate cost
projections and informed decision-making throughout the project lifecycle.
What are the types of estimates commonly used in the
construction industry?
The types of estimates commonly used in the construction
industry include original estimates and repair estimates. Original estimates
encompass rough cost estimates and detailed estimates, while repair estimates
include annual repair estimates, quadrennial repair estimates, and special
repair estimates.
Can you provide examples of the types of rough cost
estimates used in construction projects?
Examples of rough cost estimates used in construction
projects include estimates based on per unit number, plinth area basis, cube
rate estimate, per unit length of wall, per unit length of road & highway,
per unit length of irrigation channel, per unit length of railway track, and
per litre for overhead water tanks. These estimates serve as preliminary
assessments of project costs based on specific parameters.
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